Sixteen-Phase Shift Key Modulation

With this modulator 4 bits are processed to produce a single phase change. This means that each symbol consists of 4 bits. The constellation for this modulator scheme is shown below.

Figure 14: 16 PSK Modulation Constellation

Sixteen-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

With this modulator, 4 bits are processed to produce a single vector. The resultant constellation consists of three different amplitudes distributed in 12 different phases as shown below.

Figure 15: 16 QAM Constellation