References

Barnett, G. A. Jacobson, T. Young, C. & Sun-Miller, S. 1996. An examination
of the international telecommunications network. Journal of International
Communication 3(2):19-43.

Boeren, A & Epskamp, K. (eds.). 1992. The empowerment of culture: development communication and popular media. The Hague: Centre for the study of Education in Developing Countries (CESO).

Byron I. & Gagliardi, R. 1998. Communities and the Information Society: The role of Information and Communication technologies in education. Ottawa: The Independent Development Research Centre (IDRC).

Castells, M. 1998. Information Technology, Globalization and Social Development. Berkeley: University of California. Paper prepared for the United nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Conference on Information Technologies and Social Development, Geneva 22-24 June 1998.

Chibber, N. K. 2002. Overcoming Rural-Urban Digital Divide in South Asian Developing Countries. Seoul: International Telecommunications Society (ITS) 14th Biennial Conference Paper.

Deane, J. & Opoku-Mensah, A. 1997. Telecommunications: Development and the market: The promises and the problems. Panos: Media Briefing No 23.

Dick, A. L. 2000. Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research 26(1): 3-14.

Gomez, R, Hunt, P & Lamoureux, E. 1999. Enchanted by Telecentres: A Critical look at Universal Access to Information Technologies for International Development. Paper presented at the conference New IT and Inequality, University of Maryland, February 16-17.

Hamelink, C. 1997. New Information and Communication Technologies, Social development and Cultural Change. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.

Hudson, H. E. 1997. Global Connections: International Telecommunications Infrastructure and Policy. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Ivala, E N. 2000. The Internet and distance education.
Communicatio: The South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research 26(1):24-30.

Jackson, S. & Mosco, V. 1999. The political economy of new technological
spaces: Malaysia= Multimedia Super Corridor. Journal of International
Communication 6(1):23-40.

Jussawalla, M. 1992. The economics of intellectual property in a world without frontiers: A study of computer software. New York: Greenwood Press.

Jussawalla, M. & Lamberton, D. 1982. Communication economics and development: an economics of the information perspective in M Jussawalla & D M Lamberton (eds.). Communication economics for development (pp1-5). Sydney: Pergamon Press.

Lie, R. 2001. Community Development and the Internet. Brussels: Research Centre `Communication for Social Change' (CSC). Paper prepared for presentation at the International Conference on Information Technology, Communications and Development in Kathmandu, Nepal in November 2001.

Madden, G. Savage, S & Simpson, M. 1997. Regional information access: the use of telecentres to meet universal service obligations. Telematics and Infomatics 14(3):273-288.

Mansell, R. 1999. Information and communication technologies for development: assessing the potential and risks. Telecommunications Policy 23:35-50.

Mansell, R & and Wehn, U. 1998. Knowledge Societies: Information Technology for Sustainable Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mbarika, V. W. A. 2002. Re-thinking Information and Communications Technology Policy on Internet versus Teledensity Diffusion for Africa's Lease developed Countries. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries 9(1):1-13.

Mbeki, T. 1995. Address to the G7 countries= Summit. Brussels: G7 Economic
Summit.

Mbeki, T. 2001. State of the Nation Address. Cape Town: South Africa
Parliament.

Mbeki, T. 2002. Address to the G8 countries= Summit ON NEPAD. Seattle: G8
Economic Summit.

Naidoo, J. 1998. A Spectrum of Opportunity for the Information Revolution. Johannesburg: Africa Telecom '98.

Nandi, B. 2002. Role of Telecommunications in Developing Countries in the 21st century. Seoul: International Telecommunications Society (ITS) 14th Biennial Conference Paper.

Nandi, B. & Ahn, J-H. 2002. Regulatory Policy for the Telecommunications
Infrastructure Development. Seoul: International Telecommunications Society
Conference Paper.

New Partnership for Africa=s Development (NEPAD). 2001. A discussion and
policy document. Pretoria: Department of Foreign Affairs.

Nulens, G, & Van Audenhove, L. 1998. The African Information Society: an analysis of the information and communication technology policy of the World Bank, ITU and ECA. Paper presented at the 12th IAMCR Conference. Glasgow: Communication Technology Policy Section.

Nulens, G. & Van Audenhove, L, 1999. The African information society: an analysis of the information communication technology policy of the World Bank, ITU and ECA. Communicatio: The South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research 25(1&2):28-41.

Obregón, R. & Rivera, J. 2001. Participatory Communication in high school
setting: Lessons learned and development alternatives from a development
communication project in Colombia. Journal of International Communication
7(2):98-114.

Radebe, J. 2001. Privatisation: Crying for freedom. Financial Mail. March 23:42-43.

Servaes, J. 1999. Communication for development: one world, multiple cultures. New Jersey: Hampton Press.

Share, P. 1993. Telecommunication and rural remote development. Rural Society 3:16.

Sharhan, A. 2000. What will it take to develop sustainable information
societies in the Third World? In Report of the Conference on 21-22 February
2000: Towards a Sustainable Information Society by Peter Johnson, Erik
Bohlin & Bernard Clements. Göteborg: Chalmers University.

Sherry, J. L. 1997. Prosocial soap operas for development: A review of research and theory. The Journal of International Communication 4(2):75-101.

South Africa. 1997. Rural Development Framework. Pretoria:
Department of Land Affairs.

South African Telecommunications Colloquium. 2001. Midrand: Eskom
Conference Centre.

Sussman, G.1999. The Information society: Discourses, Fetishes and discontents. Journal of International Communication 6(1):7-22.

Stiglitz, J. 1999. Participation and Development: Perspectives from the Comprehensive Development Paradigm. Seoul: International Conference on Democracy, Market Economy and Development.

Valbuena, V. T. 1986. Philippine Folk Media in Development Communication.. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Centre (AMIC).

Van Dijk, J. 1999. The Network Society. London: Sage.

Whiteley, D. 2000. E-Commerce: Strategy, Technologies and Applications. London: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Wilkins, K. G.1997. Gender, power and development. The Journal of International Communication. 4(2):102-120.